Time Period Research Articles

Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis—Indications and Modalities for the Prevention of Postoperative Wound Infection.

Postoperative surgical site infections (SSI) account for almost 25% of all nosocomial infections in Germany and are a source of increased morbidity and mortality. This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and on national and international guidelines. The individual risk factors for SSI must be assessed before any surgical procedure. A body-mass index above 30 kg/m2 is associated with an unadjusted risk ratio of 1.35 [1.28; 1.41] for SSI, which rises to 3.29 [2.99; 3.62] if the patient is also immunosuppressed. The risk of SSI is also significantly higher with certain types of procedure. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) is clearly indicated for operations that carry a high risk of SSI (e.g., colorectal surgery) and for those that involve the implantation of alloplastic material (e.g., hip endoprostheses). PAP can usually be administered with basic antibiotics such as cefazoline. The basic principles of PAP are that it should be given by the anesthesia team in the interval from 60 minutes preoperatively up to shortly before the incision, and that its administration should only be for a short period of time, usually as a single shot. Continuing PAP onward into the postoperative period leads to increased toxicity, bacterial superinfections, and antibiotic resistance. The evidence shows that perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is a component of a bundle of measures that can help prevent SSI. Strict indications and adherence to the basic principles of PAP are essential for therapeutic success.

Low Rate of Asymptomatic Dengue Infection Detected in Coastal Kenya Using Pooled Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing.

Asymptomatic dengue virus (DENV) infections have important public health implications but are challenging to identify. We performed a cross-sectional study of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction on pooled sera of asymptomatic individuals from the south coast of Kenya at two time periods to identify cases of asymptomatic viremia. Among 2,460 samples tested in pools of 9 or 10, we found only one positive case (0.04% incidence). Although pooling of samples has the potential to be a cost-effective and time-efficient method for asymptomatic DENV detection, mass cross-sectional pooled testing may not provide accurate data on rates of asymptomatic infection, likely owing to a decrease in the sensitivity with pooling of samples, a short period of viremia, or testing in the absence of an outbreak.

Curcumin as a Potential Phytoconstituent used for Cancer Treatment: An Overview

Background:: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Therapy for cancer has remained a challenge for a very long period of time, though developments of various treatment strategies have been introduced. However, Curcuma longa L (Turmeric) attains major attention to cure cancer due to its phytoconstituents which can be used in the treatment of various cancers. Due to the wide availability and minimal adverse effects, curcumin has become a source of significant interest in research for cancer treatment which can lead to heavy cost cut off in the treatment. Objective:: In this review article, the anti-cancer properties of curcumin in the treatment of cancer are highlighted. Conclusion:: Scientists from all over the world have been interested in curcumin, a polyphenol isolated from Curcuma longa, for its biological properties, the most well-known of which is its ability to fight cancer. It is one of the most promising classes of bioactive natural substances, particularly in the treatment of various cancer types. Curcumin demonstrates anticancer properties. To overcome the limitation of curcumin numerous studies, analysis, and research has been already completed and many are still going on. The use of curcumin either alone or in combination might alter the treatment of cancer.

Fuzzy expert system design for detecting stunting

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem that occurs in toddler due to lack of nutritional intake which results in impaired growth toddler. Usually, toddler who experience stunting are characterized by not increasing weight over a long period of time. Application utilization health which makes it easier for users to access information, one of which can be used to identify toddler who are stunted by selecting symptoms. The symptoms experienced by toddlers go through a system known as the system expert. In this research an expert system will be developed that is capable of early detection developmental disorders in toddlers using the Mamdani fuzzy method. The results obtained from this research are an expert system design for early detection of stunting using the Mamdani fuzzy method. The Mamdani fuzzy method was implemented to group the criteria for toddlers who fall into the stunting category or not from the initial data which is still gray because they are still unsure whether to categorize the toddler as having stunting or not. The detection accuracy rate using the Mamdani fuzzy method is 80.87% compared to expert diagnosis.

Evolution of the obesity epidemic in the Spanish press: A comparative study 2000–05 and 2015–20

The present study aims to examine the treatment of obesity as an epidemic in the Spanish press during two different time periods. The first period is from 2000 to 2005 when obesity was declared an epidemic by the World Health Organization, the second period of study is from 2015 to 2020. For this study, a content analysis was made from a framing perspective. In the selected sample it was observed that the predominant frame in the two time periods changed. The frame of attribution of responsibility was the most used in the first period and the frame of conflict in the second. Variations in the use of frames were also observed depending on the newspaper, the year of publication, the subject matter and the subjects involved.

A New Visible Spectrophotometric Approach for Determination of Methyldopa in Pharmaceuticals

الهدف من البحث هو تطوير طريقة طيفية جديدة لتقدير عقار الميثيل دوبا  بشكليه النقي والصيدلاني تعتمد الطريقة المقترحة على التفاعل  بين المثيل دوبا و كاشف الانسدين بوجود نيتروبروسيد البوتاسيوم وهيدروكسيد الصوديوم لتكوين ناتج ملون تم دراسة تأثير العديد من العوامل المؤثرة على ناتج التفاعل تتضمن تركيز الكاشف و زمن التفاعل و استقرارية  الناتج الملون مع ضبط هذه العوامل. متابعة التفاعل تمت بقياس الامتصاص عند 597 نانومتر للناتج الملون. في مدى من التركيز من (0.50 إلى 80.0) ميكروغرام.مل -1 كانت حساسية ساندل 0.0218 مايكروغرام.سم-1 و حد الكشف 0.0353 مايكروغرام.مل-1  و الحد الكمي 0.2691 مايكروغرام.مل-1. تم تطبيق الطريقة المقترحة بنجاح لتقدير المثيل دوبا في المستحضرات الصيدلانية.

An ultra high-throughput, massively multiplexable, single-cell RNA-seq platform in yeasts.

Yeasts are naturally diverse, genetically tractable, and easy to grow such that researchers can investigate any number of genotypes, environments, or interactions thereof. However, studies of yeast transcriptomes have been limited by the processing capabilities of traditional RNA sequencing techniques. Here we optimize a powerful, high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) platform, SPLiT-seq (Split Pool Ligation-based Transcriptome sequencing), for yeasts and apply it to 43,388 cells of multiple species and ploidies. This platform utilizes a combinatorial barcoding strategy to enable massively parallel RNA sequencing of hundreds of yeast genotypes or growth conditions at once. This method can be applied to most species or strains of yeast for a fraction of the cost of traditional scRNAseq approaches. Thus, our technology permits researchers to leverage "the awesome power of yeast" by allowing us to survey the transcriptome of hundreds of strains and environments in a short period of time and with no specialized equipment. The key to this method is that sequential barcodes are probabilistically appended to cDNA copies of RNA while the molecules remain trapped inside of each cell. Thus, the transcriptome of each cell is labeled with a unique combination of barcodes. Since SPLiT-seq uses the cell membrane as a container for this reaction, many cells can be processed together without the need to physically isolate them from one another in separate wells or droplets. Further, the first barcode in the sequence can be chosen intentionally to identify samples from different environments or genetic backgrounds, enabling multiplexing of hundreds of unique perturbations in a single experiment. In addition to greater multiplexing capabilities, our method also facilitates a deeper investigation of biological heterogeneity, given its single-cell nature. For example, in the data presented here, we detect transcriptionally distinct cell states related to cell cycle, ploidy, metabolic strategies, and so forth, all within clonal yeast populations grown in the same environment. Hence, our technology has two obvious and impactful applications for yeast research: the first is the general study of transcriptional phenotypes across many strains and environments, and the second is investigating cell-to-cell heterogeneity across the entire transcriptome.

A FEA-Based Fast AC Steady-State Algorithm for a Voltage-Driven PMSM by a Novel Voltage-Flux-Driven Model

Finite element analysis (FEA) has been used more frequently than ever before in electrical machine design covering different disciplines such as electromagnetics, rotor dynamics, thermodynamics etc. The accuracy and speed of FEA are in high demands, especially when the time-stepping FEA is employed in the electromagnetic design of the machine. In this paper, to accelerate numerical transient in FEA of a voltage-driven permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), a fast AC steady-state algorithm has been proposed, in which the voltage supply is converted into the stator flux linkage and the machine can be regarded as driven by the flux linkage directly. The electromagnetic transient is eliminated by injecting additional voltage signals to compensate the oscillating stator flux linkage in transient and the time-stepping error caused by the backward Euler in FEA. And the additional voltage signals will finally disappear after the steady state is achieved within about a half electrical time period. In addition, the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control logic can also be realized by adjusting the initial phase angle of the voltage supply based on the vector diagram. The simulation speed of the proposed method in this paper was compared to other traditional models and the accuracy was verified by experimental results.

Numerical analysis of the return flow solar air heater (RF-SAH) with assimilation of V-type artificial roughness

• Experimental and numerical analysis performed to optimize the use of hot air. • Thermal efficiency of RF-SAH is greater than the single flow solar air heater. • Thermohydraulic efficiency of RF-SAH is analyzed with baffle in different directions. • Optimum baffle parameters for thermal and thermohydraulic efficiency are suggested. A novel design of Return Flow Solar Air Heater (RFSAH) with different arrangements of baffles especially V-Type Artificial roughness is simulated and numerically analyzed with energy balance equations. To enhance the effectiveness of baffles, numerous studies have been conducted. The performance of the RFSAH is studied in terms of thermal efficiency, thermo-hydraulic efficiency, and optimization of baffle parameters. Maximum Thermal efficiency and thermo-hydraulic efficiency are found in RFSAH with baffle on both sides of the absorber plate and mass flow rate above 0.2kg/s. Sensitivity analysis of the influencing parameters is carried out and reported the best performance of the system on selective geometrical parameters ( ψ =0.7, β =20%, e/H=1, p/e=0.8, α =60 ∘ ). The results obtained from the present model are validated with the published experimental results and have been found in quite reasonable agreement with an average error of 16.45%. Thermal and Thermohydraulic efficiency of RFSAH with a baffle on both sides of the absorber plate is maximum among baffles below, above, and on both sides of the absorber plate. It is observed that the thermal efficiency of RFSAH is greater than SF-SAH. The proposed optimum baffles roughness is suggested to increase the air upholding time period for more efficient output.

Variation in Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) Guard Hair Growth Rates: Implications for Measuring Chronological Biomarkers.

Segmental analyses of hair may be useful for measuring biomarkers over several seasons to years from a single sample. To attribute hair segments to specific time periods, a known chronological marker, or a hair growth rate, is needed. We examined guard hair growth rates of captive muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. We sought to determine if a general growth rate could be applied across muskox populations, thus facilitating the use of segmental analyses for various biomarkers. We used archived samples from 16 muskoxen that had guard hairs sampled at six, 14, and 30 wk after shaving. We measured the lengths of 10 guard hairs per sample, calculated weekly and annual growth rates, and then fitted linear mixed-effects models to assess the effect of different covariates on hair growth rate. The period in which hair had been grown had a significant effect (P<0.05) on growth rate. Extrapolated annual hair growth rates were 277±40 mm/yr (weeks 0-6), 248±47 mm/yr (weeks 7-14), and 165±36 mm/yr (weeks 15-30), with an overall average rate of 210±14 mm/yr. These rates were significantly faster than those of free-ranging Greenland muskoxen-78 mm/yr as measured by stable isotope analyses-and varied intra-annually. This suggests that a universal growth rate cannot be generalized across muskox populations and time.

Identifying clusters of patient comorbidities associated with obstructive sleep apnea using electronic health records.

The objectives of this study were to understand the relative comorbidity burden of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), determine whether these relationships were modified by sex or age, and identify patient subtypes defined by common comorbidities. Cases with OSA and noncases (controls) were defined using a validated electronic health record (EHR)-based phenotype and matched for age, sex, and time period of follow-up in the EHR. We compared prevalence of the 20 most common comorbidities between matched cases and controls using conditional logistic regression with and without controlling for body mass index. Latent class analysis was used to identify subtypes of OSA cases defined by combinations of these comorbidities. In total, 60,586 OSA cases were matched to 60,586 controls (from 1,226,755 total controls). Patients with OSA were more likely to have each of the 20 most common comorbidities compared with controls, with odds ratios ranging from 3.1 to 30.8 in the full matched set and 1.3 to 10.2 after body mass index adjustment. Associations between OSA and these comorbidities were generally stronger in females and patients with younger age at diagnosis. We identified 5 distinct subgroups based on EHR-defined comorbidities: High Comorbidity Burden, Low Comorbidity Burden, Cardiovascular Comorbidities, Inflammatory Conditions and Less Obesity, and Inflammatory Conditions and Obesity. Our study demonstrates the power of leveraging the EHR to understand the relative health burden of OSA, as well as heterogeneity in these relationships based on age and sex. In addition to enrichment for comorbidities, we identified 5 novel OSA subtypes defined by combinations of comorbidities in the EHR, which may be informative for understanding disease outcomes and improving prevention and clinical care. Overall, this study adds more evidence that OSA is heterogeneous and requires personalized management. Te TT, Keenan BT, Veatch OJ, Boland MR, Hubbard RA, Pack AI. Identifying clusters of patient comorbidities associated with obstructive sleep apnea using electronic health records. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(4):521-533.

Futbolda Kaydedilen Gollerin Zaman Dilimlerine Göre Analizi: Beş Major Avrupa Ligi ve Türkiye Süper Liginin Değerlendirilmesi

Avrupa’nın beş majör ligi İngiltere PrmLig, Almanya BLiga, İspanya LaLiga, İtalya Serie-A ve Fransa Ligue-1 olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, 2017-2018 futbol sezonunda Türkiye Süper Ligi ile 5 majör ligde kaydedilen gollerin analizini gerçekleştirmektir. Tslig (306), Bliga (306), Prmlig (380), Laliga (380), Ligue-1 (380) ve Serie-A'da (380) olmak üzere toplam 2132 maç analiz edildi. Sezon boyunca tüm Avrupa liglerinde ve her bir lig özelinde kaydedilen toplam ve ortalama gol değerleri, maçın ilk ve ikinci yarılarında, 15 dakikalık klasik zaman dilimlerinde ve uzatma dakikalarında kaydedilen goller (45dk+ ve 90dk+) kayıt altına alındı. Tanımlayıcı istatistik kullanılarak ortalama, frekans ve yüzde dağılımları ortaya konuldu. Ligler arası analizler için Kruskal Wallis testi uygulandı. Gruplar arası fark varsa Bonferroni düzeltmesi yapılarak Dunn Testi gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın sonucunda; TsLig (906gol), BLiga (855gol), PrmLig (1018gol), LaLiga (1024gol), Ligue-1 (1017gol) ve Serie-A’da (1033 gol) olmak üzere toplam 5853 gol kaydedildi. Gol ortalamasının en yüksek olduğu ligin TsLig olduğu tespit edilirken (2,96/maç); Gollerin %56’lık bölümü maçların ikinci yarılarında gerçekleşmiştir (p&amp;lt;0.001). Klasik periyotlamalara göre en fazla gol ise 76 dk - maç sonu diliminde gerçekleşmiştir (%23). Liglerin tümünde gollerin %7,4’lük bölümü ilk ve ikinci devrelerin uzatma dakikalarında atıldı (413gol). Türkiye Süper Ligi 100 gol ile hem her iki devrenin sonlarında hem de uzatma dakikalarının toplamında en çok gol kaydedilen lig oldu. Bu durum özellikle oyuncuların fiziksel kapasitelerinin yetersizliğine ve maç sonunda olası konsantrasyon kayıplarına bağlanabilir.

Development of the United States’ University tenure system from the perspective of the protection of teachers’ rights and interests

As a fundamental system for protecting the rights and interests of teachers, the university tenure system plays a crucial role in the development of universities in the United States. The tenure system has developed and evolved over a long period of time, from the dual track system of university teachers under church management in the 17th century to the formal establishment of the university tenure system in the 20th century and then to the “up-or-out” policy in the 21st century. The foundation of this system’s development has always been maintaining teachers’ academic freedom and guaranteeing their livelihoods. This article explores how universities and related institutions in the United States have integrated the protection of teacher academic freedom and economic security throughout the development of higher education by studying the development of the US university tenure system.

An Approach to the Performance of Passport Services through Workload and Work Environment: Study at the Wonosobo Immigration Office

This study aims to identify the effect of workload and work environment on the performance of passport issuance services at the Wonosobo Immigration Office. Workload is defined as a series of tasks that must be carried out by a work unit within an organization or by an individual who serves in a position within a certain period of time. Meanwhile, the work environment is defined as a place where a worker completes his duties in accordance with the goals to be achieved. There is a mismatch in the number of human resources in passport services compared to the high level of passport applications. The research method used in this research is quantitative method. Data collection was carried out through observation and distribution of questionnaires. Sampling using total sampling techniques, and data analysis was carried out using a Likert scale. The data analysis technique applied in this study is using multiple linear regression data analysis techniques. The results of data collection show the significance of workload of 0.32 and work environment of 0.21 greater than 0.05, which means that there is an influence of workload and work environment on employee performance in passport services. This study recommends increasing the number of human resources and improving the work environment to improve the performance of passport issuance services.

Immobilization: the promising technique to protect and increase the efficiency of microorganisms to remove contaminants

AbstractBiodegradation of pollutants is one of the most economical methods for their removal and usually is accompanied by no production of toxic by‐products. In general, this approach is favored over others because it offers reduced expenses and the potential for complete mineralization. In order to enhance the viability and longevity of the bioremediation agents within polluted areas, it becomes necessary to immobilize the cells. Cell immobilization refers to the procedure of confining intact cells to specific areas within a device or material, without compromising their essential biological functions. A wide variety of carriers and approaches have been used for the restriction of various cells. Immobilization techniques, such as microencapsulation, have opened up new possibilities in biotechnology by facilitating the development of artificial organs, cell therapies and drug delivery systems. Researchers have found promising outcomes in various applications through the immobilization of microorganisms. This approach enhances stability, reusability and catalytic efficiency, making immobilization a valuable strategy for biocatalysis, bioremediation and other biotechnological processes. Notably, the use of immobilized microorganisms has led to significant improvements in the removal of pollutants, with some studies achieving 100% efficiency. When comparing the degradation of pollutants between free and immobilized microorganisms over the same time period, the results demonstrated that immobilized microorganisms achieved a removal efficiency &gt;21% more than that of free microbial consortia. The primary objective of this review is to give an overview of the key scientific aspects related to bioremediation of various pollutants using immobilized cells, with a particular focus on the techniques used to entrap the cells. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

A GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON TOURISM DEMAND IN ROMANIA

Although the tourism sector has witnessed a gradual recovery during the last years from the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is still too soon to discuss about a full recovery, as territories have responded and adapted in diverse manners to the shock. As such, it is important to investigate the impact of the pandemic in different moments and at different geographical scales, in order to identify and understand the contrasts between territories of same countries. In light of these facts, the purpose of the current paper is to assess the evolution and the spatial patterns of tourism demand in Romania under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for the period of time 2020-2023. The focus is on identifying the differences between regions and destinations in terms of initial impact of the pandemic and of their path to recovery to pre-pandemic levels of tourist arrivals.

Profile of Blood Donors and Reasons for Deferral at a District Hospital in North Goa

Introduction: A blood transfusion is a life-sustaining procedure in several medical and surgical conditions. It isvital that an adequate inventory of safe blood is established by implementing stringent donor selection criteria andscreening for transfusion transmitted infections by ultrasensitive methods of detection. Despite a huge population,scarcity of blood lingers nationwide and it is important to analyse the varied reasons of deferrals in order to lessenthe deferrals in the future.The aim of this paper is to scrutinise the demographic profile of blood donors and evaluate the patterns andreasons for donor deferral at North Goa District hospital, India.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study carried out at the Blood Centre , North Goa Districthospital,India,. All those who registered for donation between June 2022 till May 2023 were included in the study.The donors were screened by a questionnaire followed by medical examination and were selected or deferredbased on the guidelines laid down by Drugs and Cosmetics Act,1940 and Directorate General of Health Services,MoHFW,Govt of India1.2 .Data was collected using a proforma and analysed by SPSS software wherever indicated.Results: During this time period, 2611 donors registered for blood donation, out of which 425 donors were deferreddue to diverse reasons. Most of the donors were voluntary donors(98.3%) of which majority were males(86.4%).The commonest cause of deferral in males was high BP(24%) and high Hb(11.3%) whereas the commonest cause ofdeferrals in females was low Hb (46.9%). Most of the donors were rejected due to temporary reasons(97.1%). Thecommonest reason of permanent deferrals was a medical history of uncontrolled DM.

Disruption of awake sharp-wave ripples does not affect memorization of locations in repeated-acquisition spatial memory tasks.

Storing and accessing memories is required to successfully perform day-to-day tasks, for example for engaging in a meaningful conversation. Previous studies in both rodents and primates have correlated hippocampal cellular activity with behavioral expression of memory. A key role has been attributed to awake hippocampal replay - a sequential reactivation of neurons representing a trajectory through space. However, it is unclear if awake replay impacts immediate future behavior, gradually creates and stabilizes long-term memories over a long period of time (hours and longer), or enables the temporary memorization of relevant events at an intermediate time scale (seconds to minutes). In this study, we aimed to address the uncertainty around the timeframe of impact of awake replay by collecting causal evidence from behaving rats. We detected and disrupted sharp wave ripples (SWRs) - signatures of putative replay events - using electrical stimulation of the ventral hippocampal commissure in rats that were trained on three different spatial memory tasks. In each task, rats were required to memorize a new set of locations in each trial or each daily session. Interestingly, the rats performed equally well with or without SWR disruptions. These data suggest that awake SWRs - and potentially replay - does not affect the immediate behavior nor the temporary memorization of relevant events at a short timescale that are required to successfully perform the spatial tasks. Based on these results we hypothesize that the impact of awake replay on memory and behavior is long-term and cumulative over time.

Anthropogenic–induced environmental and ecological changes in the Nile Delta over the past half-century

Anthropogenic activities over the past half-century have had a negative impact on the wetland ecosystem in the Nile Delta, which provides essential provisioning and regulating services. Therefore, it is crucial to systematically investigate pollution levels and their ecological consequences at both spatial and temporal scales in order to promote sustainable development. In this study, data on metal pollution in the Manzala Lake were compiled through a systematic review of all published literature from 1968 to 2020. Additionally, agricultural data (including land use, pesticide and fertilizer usage, and discharge) and economic data for the same time period were collected to identify the main drivers of pollution. The results indicated an overall increasing trend in heavy metal concentrations during the study period. The average concentrations of metals, arranged in descending order, were as follows: Fe (15,115.5 μg/g) > Mn (722 μg/g) > Zn (115.4 μg/g) > Cu (65.9 μg/g) > Ni (62.5 μg/g) > Cr (58.1 μg/g) > Pb (54.1 μg/g) > Cd (4.7 μg/g) > Hg (0.1 μg/g). A linear regression model revealed that wastewater discharge, water reuse, and the use of pesticides and fertilizers are the main sources of heavy metal pollution in the Manzala Lake. Consequently, there has been a dramatic decrease in the biodiversity of fish and molluscan communities. The study also found a correlation between heavy metal pollution and socio-economic development, highlighting the urgent need for attention to the conservation, management, and sustainable development of the lake.

Clinical Effectiveness of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnancies Affected by Type 1 Diabetes.

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves neonatal outcomes in type 1 diabetes pregnancies; however, its effectiveness has not been assessed in a real-world setting in the United States. Objective: The Triple C Study aimed to examine the clinical effectiveness, assessed through maternal glucose control and gestational health outcomes, of CGM use compared with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in pregnancies associated with type 1 diabetes in a real-world setting. Research Design and Methods: We retrospectively identified 160 type 1 diabetes pregnancies at the Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes managed with CGM therapy (n = 109) or SMBG (n = 51) over a 6.5-year period (2014-2020). Obstetric care was provided at multiple practices. CGM use was defined as ≥60% wear in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Data were obtained from the electronic medical record system, hospital records, and vital statistics departments (Colorado and Wyoming). We used Student's t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables to compare outcomes between groups. Results: The CGM group had more participants meeting trimester-specific hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) goals throughout pregnancy and postpartum (P < 0.01 in each time period). The CGM group had fewer participants never meeting HbA1c goals in any trimester than the SMBG group (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in neonatal outcomes between groups, other than for macrosomia (12.8% CGM vs. 29.4% SMBG, P = 0.01). Infants of CGM users required a neonatal intensive care unit admission less often (52.9% CGM vs. 68.3% SMBG, P = 0.0989). Conclusions: CGM use was associated with improved maternal glucose levels in a diverse real-world cohort.